Raz M: Mighty Glaciers （bulldozer詞源）

借著讀這篇raz文章，找了3個冰川的短片來看。

這篇有個單詞bulldoze/bulldozer：

看上去像復合詞：bull（公牛）+doze（打盹），怎么會是“（用推土機）推平，鏟平”或者“強迫、 脅迫”的意思呢？查了幾個詞典都無法確定詞源。

有一種說法，它是將bull dose動詞化使用，即a dose fit for a bull（放倒一頭牛的劑量）。原用以指美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后，采用鞭打、槍殺等野蠻手段阻止黑人參加總統(tǒng)選舉投票的行為?！癰ulldozer”則指通過暴力或恐嚇手段阻止黑人投票的白人。后來泛指欺凌者、恐嚇者。

推土機出現(xiàn)后，人們也用 bulldozer 一詞來稱呼它，想想推土機用近乎野蠻的方式推倒一切障礙（特別是暴力拆遷場合）的情形，是不是很貼切？

• bulldoze： vt. 威嚇，強迫；用推土機推倒
• bulldozer： n. 欺凌者，威嚇者；推土機

bulldoze (v.)

by 1880, "intimidate by violence," from an earlier noun, bulldose "a severe beating or lashing" (1876), said by contemporary sources to be literally "a dose fit for a bull," a slang word referring to the intimidation beating of black voters (by either blacks or whites) in the chaotic 1876 U.S. presidential election. See bull (n.1) + dose (n.). The bull element in it seems to be connected to that in bull-whip and might be directly from that word. Meaning "use a mechanical ground-clearing caterpillar tractor" is from 1942 (see bulldozer); figurative use in this sense is by 1948. Related: Bulldozed; bulldozing.